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Treatment – several surgical procedures are used to treat bony ankylosis, e.g.: Gap arthroplasty using interpositional materials between the cut segments.True bony ankylosis: can result from trauma to chin, infections and from prolonged immobilization following condylar fracture.Myofascial pain / temporomandibular joint dysfunction.Acute infections of the oral tissues, especially involving the buccal space or muscles of mastication.Following administration of inferior alveolar nerve block with local anesthetic (medial pterygoid).Recent prolonged dental treatment (e.g.

removal of impacted lower wisdom teeth, or other dentoalveolar surgery. a fracture of another part of the mandible, fractures of the middle third of the facial skeleton, fractures of the zygoma or zygomatic arch). Trauma not involving the mandibular condyle (e.g.Fractured mandibular condyle or intracapsular fracture.Internal derangement of TMJ / meniscus displacement.Traditionally causes of trismus are divided into intra-articular (factors within the temporomandibular joint ) and extra-articular (factors outside the joint, see table). Trismus is derived from the Greek word trigmos/trismos meaning "a scream a grinding, rasping or gnashing". Some have distinguished mild trismus as 20–30 mm interincisal opening, moderate as 10–20 mm and severe as less than 10 mm. The normal lateral movement is 8–12 mm, and normal protrusive movement is approximately 10 mm. Males usually have slightly greater mouth opening than females. Normal mouth-opening ranges from 35 to 45 mm. Historically and commonly, the term lockjaw was sometimes used as a synonym for both trismus and tetanus.

Another definition of trismus is simply a limitation of movement. Trismus is defined as painful restriction in opening the mouth due to a muscle spasm, however it can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. Examination and treatments requiring access to the oral cavity can be limited, or in some cases impossible, due to the nature of the condition itself. The condition may be distressing and painful. In some instances, trismus presents with altered facial appearance. This interference, specifically with an inability to swallow properly, results in an increased risk of aspiration. It is known to interfere with eating, speaking, and maintaining proper oral hygiene. Temporary trismus occurs much more frequently than permanent trismus. It may be caused by spasm of the muscles of mastication or a variety of other causes. Trismus, commonly called lockjaw as associated with tetanus, is a condition of limited jaw mobility.